Topic Tuesday #50 2013/07/02 - "CHARGE!!!"

Topic Tuesday #50 2013/07/02 - "CHARGE!!!"

CHARGing you batteries is not the easiest thing to do some days. It gets especially difficult when you do something unusual. For instance you may have seen the MIT/Wilson Solar Grill.
This implementation is unique in the way is stores energy, which is certainly different from the way a cell phone or laptop stores power. This configuration (which has not actually been constructed to my knowledge) uses a fresnel lens to magnify and focus the rays of the sun to melt a lithium nitrate substrate. The melted lithium nitrate, due to its phase change reaction, is able to release its thermal energy for longer periods of time and at higher temperatures than other methods up to now. Heat is then redistributed through convection, which allows for outdoor cooking and heating homes. This method is referred to as "latent heat storage".

Obviously this is a unique application that requires a specific set of criteria. This could also be used to provide electric power or boil water for steam applications. 
Peltier element
Remember any time you have a change of temperature you can utilize that to create power as the heat is exchanged and returns to a neutral state. Peltier coolers use power to create heat, which in turn creates a cold side. With an application such as this, derivatives of that technology can turn a heat source, into power. If done creatively, a refrigerator too. 
Batteries, and power sources in general, are complicated things. The design may be simplistic, but usually a power supply is designed to fit an application.  Some things to consider:

Capacity (Amp Hours)
Weight 
Size (Physical Dimensions)
Discharge Rate (Time to Empty at designed load)
Charge Rate (Time to Charge, when under load and not under load)
Charge Cycles (number of charge/discharge cycles before needing to replace)
Operating temperature range (Affects charge and discharge rates. Batteries can catch fire and explode under the "right" circumstances, like being embedded in a cooking appliance like the solar grill)
Architecture of storage media: Lead-acid? NiCd? NiMH? NiZn? AgZN? NaS? Lithium ion? - and so forth.
Longevity and recyclability:
Obviously what the battery is made of has far reaching implications for the ability to recycle them. Lithium is rare, expensive, and in high demand. Lead Acid (car, marine, UPS batteries) are low cost, high weight, and readily recycled into new batteries given the proper facilities.

So, thank your local engineers for building all this stuff we take for granted all the time, and keep the innovation alive by encouraging our youngsters to... play with electricity, fire, water, light... and anything that interests them. Who knows what problem they might solve.

Topic Tuesday #42 2013/05/07 - "Disruptive Tech"

Topic Tuesday #42 2013/05/07 - "Disruptive Tech"

I love technology. I love history. I love science and science fiction (the inspiration for more of the former). The last few days have seen a turn in the direction of what was thought of just at the top of the year as pure science fiction. Well, when I say thought of, I mean all but those with their eyes on a gun manufacturer here in the United States. Defence Distributed, and its front man Cody Wilson, have dreamt up a cottage industry in disruption. Cody, over the last year, has designed and now succeeded in building a fully 3D printed firearm called the Liberator. It's designed as a homage to the single shot weapons that were air dropped over France during WWII. Besides that, the weapon is all plastic save the nail used as a firing pin. The plans have been released to the wild. Anyone can make one of these if they so desired.
And that is outstanding.
Don't think so? Let me explain my stance.
Freedom.
Oh... You probably want more of a platform than that. OK, look at it this way, this is a technology that cannot be stopped. It cannot be regulated to the governments liking and never will be without massive outrage. This is manufacturing in your garage. Dream it one day, make it the next. You don't need permission. You just need the know how, the raw materials and the tools to put them together. Cody made a gun. Will this gun be used to hurt someone? Almost certainly. This is a logical progression to this kind of device (3D printer). Think for a moment as I stroll down technology of years past lane. When Gutenberg and his movable type printing press came on the scene the scribes were out of a job, and it was revolution in the streets (Martin Luther ring a bell?). When the cassette tape was released and you could record onto it easily, the Recording Industry lost their minds. When the VCR came out the Motion Picture Industry went nuts. CD Burners, DVD Burners, BlueRay burners MP3, MP4, JPEG things that can make a copy of something without the originator getting their due, will always be disruptive. I recall that digital copiers were so good at color reproduction that they were used in counterfeiting operations. The Liberator is a statement and a loud extension of this phenomenon. This says, "You can't stop the future. This is the information age, and now we can make use of that information - whatever form it takes."
It is a shake up. It is a wake up call. What that call sounds like changes depending on who hears it, but really it's about freedom.

Personally, I knew this was coming, and making my own gun if just not my cup of tea. Personally, I would rather be the toy maker or make replacement parts and mockups for my own projects. But that is what most people will do. Again, take the internet as a case in point. When it was started, there was no security, no anti virus, no pictures... It was innocent, with innocent ideals. None of those early engineers considered that it would be used for terrorism, free speech, porn, dating, and social networking, or even voice and video. It proved to be disruptive. In a very short time, look how far it has come! Now, where will 3D printing go as the technology becomes less and less expensive?  In less than 10 years, I can see the personal 3D printer all over. Remember inkjet printers were very expensive when they first came on the scene; now they are practically disposable. The printer they used for the gun, was $10,000 on ebay second hand. You can get a MakerBot for considerably less. http://store.makerbot.com/ And I encourage you to go make something.

What will your imagination make next? Will regulation over these devices stifle creativity and rapid prototyping with red tape? Will it just be impossible to regulate, like desktop printing and copy machines?
What do you think?

Topic Tuesday #38 2013/04/09 - "Are we alone?"

Topic Tuesday #38 2013/04/09 - "Are we alone?"

It's a classic question isn't it? It this planet the only one in the universe that has fostered life in many forms? Worse, perhaps, are Homosapien-sapiens the only "intelligent life" in the universe capable of asking the question?
There are a few facts that I am aware of that are amazing at giving a hint to an answer. Some of these facts do little more than to bend the mind and pose more query.

How many stars are in our home galaxy, the Milky Way?
(2×10^11 to 4×10^11) For those that don't like exponents, that's 200,000,000,000 to 400,000,000,000, or 200 billion to 400 billion stars. 

How many galaxies in the observable universe?
1.7×10^11 or 170,000,000,000 or 170 billion

How many stars in the observable universe?
3×10^23 or 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 300 sextillion or 300 thousand billion billion
(according to research by Pieter G. van Dokkum and Charlie Conroy published in December 2010)
This number is comparable more than the number of grains of sand on Earth.

When was the first optical telescope invented?
The year  was 1608, or 405 years ago.

When was the first radio telescope invented? 
The year was 1937, or 76 years ago.

What is the first known use of written language on Earth?
The Kish tablet dated to ca. 3500 BC is the oldest surviving example of proto-cuneiform signs.
This places evidence of language and recorded history being a time period of roughly 5500 years.

When was the first broadcast of a terrestrial radio signal?
The first experimentation with radio was done in the late 1800's. Marconi made the first radio transmission in 1895. This was 118 years ago.

What does all this amount to? What does this mean?
Every star observed could have planets. Statistically, some of those stars will have planets in the theorized "Goldilocks Zone" where the conditions are just right to promote the conditions to bear life. In short, to think that we are alone, could be attributed to egotism. The odds are not in favor of that conclusion. Then you might think of Martians and crop circles and cattle mutilations and  so on. There is a problem with that. It's the problem that we are dealing with every day as we keep looking up. The fundamental speed limit of the universe. The speed of light.
Effectively, looking into space is time travel. No really. Think of it this way, the light or radio signals that we are observing here on our planet, had to travel across space to get here. Radio and light, being energy waves, travel at the same speed. Our closest neighbor, Alpha Centauri, is 4.39 light years away. This is where your head may start to hurt, when you realize that whatever we observe from the 3 stars in the Alpha Centauri system, happened 4.39 years ago. The stars in Alpha Centauri could explode today, and we wouldn't notice until August 29, 2017. 
Our star, Sol (aka the Sun), is classified as a G2V main sequence star, roughly middle age at 4.57 billion years. We estimate it has another 4.5 billion years left before it expands to a sub giant, then  red giant, then a planetary nebula, and finally, a white dwarf. Our own solar system tells us much of our galactic neighbors. How many planets are possible, what types of planets are likely, the practical ages of stages of star systems. Basically, a wealth of information that builds upon itself to tell us what happened to stars thousands, millions,  and billions of light years away from us. 
The trick is time and distance. There are stars that we can observe that have already passed through their main sequence (where life is most likely to form). So then we can ponder, what could have happened. As we are aware at this point is that the world will go on without us. The solar system will change, but will go on for billions of years. We are a young species and just dipping our impatient toe in a vast ocean of the unknown. 
To reach out to a species on the other side of the galaxy, we will need to learn how to overcome the speed limit. Have other species done this? Impossible to confirm, until they stand here and show us. But it would be  unwise to underestimate any possibility. We don't know they would even be interested in talking to us, or eating us. 
We are young; our period of intelligence (based on written communication) being less than 6,000 years. The signals that are most likely to be noticed, to say that we are here, have been traveling into space for no more than 118 years. We need to take the long view and have patience.

Our culture has been shaped to be very self centered. For examples;
"The world was made for man."
"The Sun revolves around the Earth, and the Earth does not move."
"The stars revolve around us, if not Earth, certainly the Sun."
"Certainly we are at the center of the universe."
"Everything was made for us, for our time here. It all lead up to this moment."

Seeing stars explode and scatter their enriched guts across space to feed the creation of another world, I find it remarkably egotistical to think that; our small planet, in an average solar system, around an average star, in an equally unremarkable arm of one of 170 billion galaxies... could somehow be more special than any other. 
We are very lucky to have made it this far. It is doubtful we are alone, but it is even more doubtful that the other intelligent life has survived to make contact with us, or that they would have even noticed us yet. Should we stop looking? Never. There is still a chance, even if it is small. While we look, we learn. One day, when we take to the stars as a space faring race, escaping from an expanding star (or whatever else we may have done), we will need to have a destination. 
We need to survive long enough to do this, so smile and hug your fellow man. Know we are children. We will make mistakes. We just need to keep some perspective. We're only human.




Topic Tuesday #36 2013/03/26 - "Love And Marriage"

Topic Tuesday #36 2013/03/26 - "Love And Marriage"

It's a banner week for the Supreme Court in the USA. Today they begin reviewing 2 same sex marriage cases involving California Proposition 8 (whether gays and lesbians have a constitutional right to marry in a California.) and this will carry through Wednesday, 3/27/2013, as the high bench will be reviewing DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act) as well. The cases presented:
Tuesday, March 26: Prop 8, Hollingsworth v. Perry, 60 minutes
Wednesday, March 27: DOMA, United States v. Windsor, 110 minutes
There are some interesting things happening on the periphery of these cases as they come to trial. I can best sum it up, with no malice intended, as rats fleeing the sinking ship.  California Governor Jerry Brown and Attorney General Kamala Harris have declined to defend Prop 8, leaving only it's staunch conservative backer Dennis Hollingsworth, the case's namesake defendant, of ProtectMarriage.com, to carry the ball. In 2011 many key legistaltors and the Obama administration turned on DOMA, as far as determining that section 3 was unconstitutional and the DOJ would not defend it. In its place the House General Counsel under directive from the Republican congressional leadership would defend the law. Senators. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., John “Jay” Rockefeller, D-W.V., and Mark Warner, D-Va., said 3/24 and 3/35 that they no longer support a federal law banning gay marriage.

PROP 8: If the court does not side with Hollingsworth, the ruling reverts to an earlier decision which struck down Prop 8. The case originated with Kristin Perry, who was denied a marriage license in Berkeley. Kristin and her partner, Sandra Stier, are mothers of 4 children. Perry has an interesting legal team, Theodore Olson and David Boies, who have a history of going at each other in high profile cases.
On the against side: Olson has 20 minutes to state his. They'll focus on arguing that "marriage is a fundamental right that has nothing to do with having children. … Because marriage is such a fundamental right, and gays and lesbians have traditionally been victims of discrimination, the challengers continue, the Court should apply a more demanding test – known as 'heightened scrutiny' – to determine whether Proposition 8 is constitutional.".  Then Solicitor General Donald Verrilli Jr. will then have 10 minutes to explain why the Obama administration believes Prop 8 should go away. From the Times:
"The government will argue on grounds referred to as the "eight-state solution," which would apply only to states where gay marriage is banned, but same-sex civil unions are allowed (California, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, and Rhode Island). Verrilli will argue that this violates the equal-protection clause of the Constitution. That case has been called "quite modest," while others have argued, "If the Court takes the President's argument seriously, the justices need not stop at just 8 states. The President's theory could invalidate all marriage discrimination against gays."
On the pro–Prop 8 side: Hollingsworth will have 30 minutes to make his case. If found to have standing, they will argue that "traditional" marriage should be preserved so that children "will be born and raised in stable and enduring family units by their own mothers and fathers."

Verdicts of this could be very little to very dramatic, if the court upholds the defeat of Prop 8, all bans on same sex marriage could be constitutionally challenged, or it could be that a narrow ruling that "once a right is given it cannot be taken away by the state." It bears remarking, "There is no possibility that the court would ban same-sex marriage in places that choose to permit it."

DOMA, enacted September 21, 1996 defines marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman for federal and inter-state recognition purposes.
Section 3 of DOMA has been found unconstitutional (as it violates the equal-protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment) in eight federal courts, including the First and Second Circuit Court of Appeals, on over 1,000 right issues that married couples enjoy. Such as bankruptcy, public employee benefits, estate taxes, and immigration. 
The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear an appeal in one of those cases, United States v. Windsor, and scheduled oral arguments for March 27, 2013. Edith Windsor was forced to pay $363,053 in estate taxes after her partner of more than 40 years died.
From the Times:"If the court is to establish a constitutional right to same-sex marriage, it will be in [the Prop 8 case] and not in a narrower one to be argued on Wednesday about the federal Defense of Marriage Act,"

Likely outcomes will be for DOMA to fall and Prop 8 to be more narrowly refined and not completely thrown out.
The judges have their work cut out for them and a nation of of men and women who love each other and want the natural right to express their love for whomever they want, will be watching and waiting. Final decisions are expected to be revealed in June.




Topic Tuesday #22 2012/12/18 - "The End of the World..?"

Topic Tuesday #22 2012/12/18 - "The End of the World..?"

Yes, I had to jump on the bandwagon. How often do you get to live through an 'Apocalypse' complete with dooms day scenarios and movies?  Well... Quite a few times as it turns out.

Apocalypse/Dooms Day/End of Days predictions and cults that we didn't die from.

1) If you read this on or later than the 21st of December, 2012 - You have survived the end of the Mayan Calendar cycle. NASA put together a very nice treatise as to why we will still be here Saturday morning and beyond. http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012.html

Harold Camping


2) Harold Camping (born July 19, 1921) of Family Radio predicted the world was going to end in 2011 using numerology in his interpretations of Bible passages. Camping predicted that Jesus Christ would return to Earth on May 21, 2011, whereupon the righteous would fly up to heaven, and that there would follow five months of fire, brimstone and plagues on Earth, with millions of people dying each day, culminating on October 21, 2011, with the final destruction of the world. He had previously predicted that Judgment Day would occur on or about September 6, 1994. Mr. Camping had a stroke after the failed 2011 predition, apologized, and retired as president of Family Radio.

3) In the days leading up to September 9, 2009, fans of Armageddon insisted that the world would end - 9/9/9 being the emergency services phone number in the UK and also the number of the Devil - albeit upside down. Surprisingly there wasn't the same hyperbole on June 6, 2006.

4) Heaven’s Gate (March 26, 1997) followers believed in UFOs and impending doom, for which the only escape was to voluntarily “turn against the next level” by committing suicide. The leaders of the group, Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles, convinced members that their “evacuation” plan would be a fast-approaching UFO which would act as their mode of transport to beyond. 

5) Waco, TX Branch Davidians a deeply religious cult that originated in 1955 from a schism in the Davidian Seventh Day Adventists("Davidians"), a reform movement that began within the Seventh-day Adventist Church ("Adventists") around 1930. The 1993 actions of this religious sect were predicated on the notion that they lived in the final times according to the Book of Revelation. Vernon Howell (who changed his name to David Koresh in 1990) claimed himself their final prophet. The Davidian movement went up in flames during the 55 day "Waco Siege" (February 28 - April 19, 1993)

6) “Aum” was a Japanese religious movement founded by Shoko Asahara. His 1984 doomsday prophecy described a final conflict culminating in a nuclear "Armageddon", borrowing again the term from the Book of Revelation. According to Robert Jay Lifton, author of “Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism,” Asahara predicted Armageddon would occur in 1997, and that humanity would end, except (surprise!) for the elite few who joined Aum. Shoko Asahara was convicted of masterminding the 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway and several other crimes, for which he was sentenced to death in 2004. In June 2012, his execution has been postponed due to further arrests of Aum Shinrikyo members.

7) Edgar Whisenant wrote a bestselling book called “88 Reasons Why the Rapture Will Be in 1988.”  and the following year he published “The Final Shout: Rapture Report 1989,” and continued selling millions of these books with the same title and a revised year through 1993.

8) 50 members of a group called the Assembly of Yahweh (less familiarly known as Messianic, as well as Spiritual Israelites) gathered at Coney Island, New York, in white robes, awaiting their 'rapture' from a world about to be destroyed on May 25, 1981

9) The “mad messiah,” James Warren "JimJones (1931 – November 18, 1978) was founder and leader of the “People’s Temple.” In 1965, Jones claimed that the world would be engulfed in a nuclear war on July 15, 1967. When that didn't happen, Jones went about establishing his communist commune in “Jonestown” in Guyana. The events of November 18, 1978, in Guyana, in which 920 people died at the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project (informally, and now commonly, called "Jonestown") and nearby airstrip at Port Kaituma, and Georgetown in an organized mass suicide/killing. The mass suicide and killings at Jonestown resulted in the greatest single loss of American civilian life in a non-natural non-accidental disaster prior to the events of September 11, 2001. Casualties at the airstrip included, among others, Congressman Leo Ryan. On the evening of November 18, in Jonestown, Jones ordered his congregation to drink a concoction of cyanide-laced, grape-flavored Flavor Aid. Parents were instructed to inject their children with the same drink should they be under a certain age. (This is also a plausible origin of the phrase, "drinking the cool-aid.")

10) Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) In one account is said to have foretold the end in 1948, but in a manuscript he wrote in 1704 (in which he describes his attempts to extract scientific information from the Bible), he estimated that the world would end no earlier than 2060. In predicting this he said, "This I mention not to assert when the time of the end shall be, but to put a stop to the rash conjectures of fanciful men who are frequently predicting the time of the end, and by doing so bring the sacred prophesies into discredit as often as their predictions fail."

11) Protestant reformer Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) proclaimed that 'the kingdom of abominations shall be overthrown' within 300 years. Anywhere from (1546 - 1846)
William Miller

12) William Miller (1782 – 1849) American Baptist preacher. Among his direct spiritual heirs are several major religious denominations, including Seventh-day Adventists and Advent Christians. Later movements found inspiration in Miller's emphasis on biblical prophecy. His own followers are known as Millerites. Miller prophesied The End in 1844, based on Bible passage Daniel 8:14: "Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed." 

13) John Napier (1550 – 1617) though best known as the discoverer of logarithms, predicted the world would end either in  1688 or 1700 in "A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John" (1593)He also dated the seventh trumpet to 1541.

14) Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506) predicted the world would end in 1656 in one of his books, a "Book of Prophecies" (1505).

Nostradamus
15) Michael Stifel (1487 - 1567) a German monk, proselytized that the end of the world would come on Oct. 3, 1533, at precisely eight o’clock in the morning. When the hour came and went, he was then summarily ejected from his ecclesiastical quarters and flogged in the streets.

16) Nostradamus (1503 – 1566) in his book "Les Propheties", published in 1555, had this quatrain that still befuddles people into thinking the end is near: Century I Quatrain 46
“Very near Auch, Lectoure and Mirande a great fire will fall from the sky for three nights. (Anytime now...)

Topic Tuesday #20 2012/12/04 - "Are we alone?"

Topic Tuesday #20 2012/12/04 - "Are we alone?"

One of the pages I follow posted a graphic of the radio signal bubble from Earth. This struck me as a moment of possible revelation. "The first AM broadcast was on Christmas Eve, 1906, and Hitler’s broadcasting of the 1936 Olympics is regarded as the first signal powerful enough to be carried into space - which is a rather disturbing thought." Since 1936, Hitler's voice has been traversing space. At the speed of light, the 1936 Olympic introduction speech has only traveled, 76 light years. Proxima Centauri, our closest celestial neighbor star, is located only 4.243 light-years from the Sun. Light travels at 186,000 miles per second. Therefore 60x60x24x365=seconds in a year 31,536,000 x 186,000 =
5,865,696,000,000 miles in a lightyear. x4.243 = 24,888,148,128,000 miles to the Alpha Centauri Cluster. We have not detected life there. So the old axiom, 'If a tree falls in the woods, and no one is there to hear it does it make a sound?" comes to mind, though more importantly, does it matter if it did?

The trouble with the cosmos is that it is so very large and we... are not. Everything is scaled up. The most precious of these scalings, is that of time. We have discovered EXO-Planets, worlds of other stars. We detect them crossing in front of their stars. But I digress which is easy to do with this topic. To think that no other life has formed in a universe large enough to have more stars (with planets) than there are grains of sand on all the beaches of our pale blue dot, is either terribly egotistical or simply short sighted. I know nothing for sure, but I have plenty of reasons to believe we are not alone. So what's the real question? The question is does it matter. Then the complex answer, yes and no. It matters because we don't like to be alone. It matters because so much of our own sensibilities are shrouded in the arrogance that it was all made for us. Statistics lean towards there being other life in the galaxy, and in the universe at large. Why it doesn't matter: because that alien species might not be there anymore. Consider our own infancy as a species. We are a very young species; when we talk of geological ages, humanities recorded history is less than a 1,000th of a percent of the age of just the Earth. In less time than Hitlers voice has been traveling outward, we have been on the verge of destruction of our entire species and most of the other inhabitants of this world, countless times. It's easy to look at the Cuban Missile Crisis and see that we were close to annihilation This distinction is important. We look to the heavens and ask if we are alone. A young boy sits and reads of Superman coming from Krypton, while global super powers glower over a table perched on mutually assured destruction. If there is other life out there, would it survive long enough to ask the same questions as the boy? Will be have a planet to visit when the Grexian's that live 300 light years away start listening to Elvis Presley decide we are worth a closer investigation? At the speed of light, it will take them 300 years to come pay us a visit. The question is, will we humanity exist long enough to not walk alone in the universe? Or will we become nothing more than a disembodied voice traveling out forever?
At any rate, the answer is not as important as the question: "Are we alone?".
What do you think?
Thanks to https://www.facebook.com/IFeakingLoveScience & http://zidbits.com/2011/07/how-far-have-radio-signals-traveled-from-earth/

Topic Tuesday #14 2012/10/23 "The Signal and the Noise"

Tuesday #14 2012/10/23 "The Signal and the Noise"

Last night was the final debate of this presidential election season. (I am going to refrain from partisan support in this post, but those that have read my work before will inherently know where I lean.) The talk was heated, but fluffy through most of the debates. All of the debates were far less about facts than they were puffed chests, interrupting the moderator, going over on time, and the ever so important last word. They were quite entertaining, and even sickening at times. Overall, I would give them 2.5 stars out of 5 for a you should have seen them, but didn't need to since it wasn't anything new, AT ALL. 

This leads into today's topic. 


We are getting a lot of noise through the media outlets and mailings and signs in years, and graffiti on said signs, and stump speeches and rolling roadblocks when they come to our cities etc... How do we filter the noise to get the right signal? I have been talking to several colleagues about the polls and who is doing well where and it never fails that when I bring up a website or media outlet, it is immediately disparaged and dismissed because of their slant. I bring up another, and another, and another; then dig deeper to find where they get their data and show how they arrive at their conclusions. This is to little avail other than showing that I am actually fact checking and not talking out of my arse. Overall, the chat has been civil, if not mind-numbing. And that's the problem-There is too much noise and not enough substance for the signal. The most bi-partisan organizations still seem to lean one way or the other, or at least someone will tell you they do and dismiss them as biased. It seems the only way to know what you need to make a rational decision is to do your own digging and sifting. It takes time. It takes patience. It takes booze in many cases...
I have said it a few times, but I would encourage you all to read the platforms of the main parties, since until campaign reform happens, there is little point in casting a vote for another candidate (sad but true). Keep in mind that an evolution of ideals has happened and these ARE NOT the same political groups we grew up with. They certainly are not the ones your family has supported for generations. 

Some further advice: 


  • Read the platforms - But do it alone, but aloud, first. If the language is difficult to get through, you are not supposed to get through it and it is deceitful by intent. Your challenge is to... 
  • Critically Compare - Take a highlighter and red pen to the platforms and mark the heck out of them. Compare which side believes what. You may need to translate the legalese doublespeak into plain english. This usually makes the paragraph a sentence. 
  • Look to the future -  The one that is elected will be setting policy for decades to come. Not only that, but the likelihood that they will pick Supreme Court Justices (2 are most likely this time) will weigh heavily on law going forward for a long time. Laws can be overturned and our lives directly affected by this decision. 
  • Science & Education - As the song said, I believe the children are our future. If we do not educate them correctly, we lose as a nation. What is being taught is as important as how it is taught. Examine the tail tail markings of where the education is going and ask yourselves if that will hurt the next generation. The best technology that we have came out of the furnace of scientific exploration of space. This is a cold and rational endeavour that is filled with wonder. There is no place for superstition in science. Tossing salt over your shoulder or whispering an enchantment will not replace an antibiotic to make your ear infection abate. Act accordingly in this regard. It's your grandchildren's futures you will be deciding.
  • ASK - If you are still left asking questions, then do not keep them to yourself. ASK EVERYONE. Communication is key. You may get some rather interesting answers but you may do a service by prompting others to ask the same or other questions. Remember back to your days in school how a single question in class could derail a lecture and make everyone engaged. It's exactly the same in real life, just you are both teacher and student. This principle is for everyday, not just politics.

In conclusion: 

Educate yourselves and Vote. If you do not vote, I don't want to hear a single complaint about the next 4 years; beyond, "Man, I should have voted!"


How do you sift through the noise to get the signal?


Topic Tuesday #11 2012/10/02 "Oh the Humanity?"

Topic Tuesday #11 2012/10/02 "Oh the Humanity???"

In todays world we continue to push the limits of science. What tends to follow the science - is the philosophy...
Today, I want to look at what it takes to be human.

March 2011: Enter a dying man, Craig Lewis, 55, Dying from amyloidosis. Craig had 12-24 hours to live when his wife Linda okayed an experimental procedure by two innovated doctors at the Texas Heart Institute. Dr. Billy Cohn and Dr. Bud Frazier, successfully replaced his heart with a continuous flow pump. Two venturi like pump motors served as a replacement for the failed muscle. There was a catch though; Craig no longer had a pulse. EKG was flatlined. Linda Lewis said, "I listened and it was a hum, which was amazing. He didn't have a pulse." The technology passed multiple animal trials and it certainly passed this test.
I've included the short documentary on it below.
Heart Stop Beating | Jeremiah Zagar from Focus Forward Films on Vimeo
As technology changes us, as we lose those telltale markers that we are alive, how will we adapt? Our minds are a series of electrical impulses and it's a trivial jump to reason that one day we will "backup" our consciousness, and perhaps be downloaded back into a new or greatly repaired body. How will humanity deal, with immortality? Will we still be human? With no need of an afterlife, will we need religion?



Topic Tuesday #10 2012/09/25 "Water World - Part 2"

Topic Tuesday #10 2012/09/25 "Water World - Part 2"

We need quite a bit of water to survive on. It needs to be clean...
Last week I discussed the requirements of how much water we need to survive. Today, how do we make it safe?

I am going to quickly give some ways to clean up water so you don't die. 
There are 4 categories; Separation, Chemical, Filtration, Oxidation.
SEPARATION: (HEAT, LIGHT & GRAVITY)
  • SEDIMENTATION gravitationally settles heavy suspended material. 
  • BOILING WATER for 15 to 20 minutes kills 99.9% of all living things and vaporizes most chemicals.  Minerals, metals, solids and the contamination from the cooking container become more concentrated. 
  • DISTILLATION boils and re-condenses the water, but many chemicals vaporize and recondense in concentration in the output water. It is also expensive to boil & cool water. 
  • ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT is a good bactericide, but has no residual kill, and works only in clearly filtered water. Still in its infancy stage is a new technology involving super white light.
CHEMICALS
  • CHLORINE is common, cheap, but extremely toxic. It does not decrease physical or chemical contamination, it does increase colesterol formations, is a carcinogen, amd causes heart disease. 
  • IODINE is not practical, and is mostly used by campers. 
  • HYDROGEN PEROXIDE kills bacteria with oxygen, is chemically made and is very toxic. It is used in emergencies. 
  • COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION adds chemicals which lump together suspended particles for filtration or separation. 
  • ION EXCHANGE exchanges sodium from salt for calcium or magnesium, using either glauconite (greensand), precipitated synthetic organic resins, or gel zeolite, thus softening the water. Minerals, metals, chemicals or odors are not affected, and the water is salty to drink. 
FILTRATION
  • SLOW SAND of 1 cubic meter passes about 2 liters/min, and does a limited bacteria removal. 
  • HIGH PRESSURE/RAPID SAND of 1 cubic meter passes about 40gpm and must be backwashed daily. 
  • DIATOMACEOUS EARTH removes small suspended particles at high flow rates, must be back-washed daily and is expensive.
  • PAPER or CLOTH filters are disposable and filter to one micron, but do not have much capacity. 
  • CHARCOAL: 
    • -COMPRESSED CHARCOAL/CARBON BLOCK is the best type of charcoal filter, can remove chemicals and lead, but is easily clogged, so should be used with a sediment prefilter. 
    • -GRANULAR CHARCOAL is cheaper, but water can flow around the granules without being treated. 
    • -POWDERED CHARCOAL is a very fine dust useful for spot cleaning larger bodies of water, but is messy and can pass through some filters and be consumed. 
  • REVERSE OSMOSIS uses a membrane with microscopic holes that require 4 to 8 times the volume of water processed to wash it in order to remove minerals and salt, but not necessarily chemicals and bacteria.
OXIDATION - These are most often used in big water treatment facilities. These techniques attempt to mimic what mother nature does with rivers. See THE SELF-PURIFICATION OF RIVERS AND STREAMS, from 1919. You can read a great deal about it to understand how it is supposed to work.
  • AERATION sprays water into the air to raise the oxygen content, to break down odors, and to balance the dissolved gases. However, it takes space, is expensive, and picks up contaminants from the air. 
  • OZONE is a very good bactericide, using highly charged oxygen molecules to kill microorganisms on contact, and to flocculate iron and manganese for post filtration and backwashing. 
  • ELECTRONIC PURIFICATION and DISSOLVED OXYGEN GENERATION creates super oxygenated water in a dissolved state that lowers the surface tension of the water and effectively treats all three types of contamination: physical, chemical and biological.
The easiest for you and me to go through is likely to be the separation method. An issue to remember here, and one that has caught entire villages with a bad case of the runs, is proper storage of the water once you have sterilized it. There are many methods to do that, but that will be another topic. Look for "Food Safety" later on.

Now for your consideration: 

  1. What are your plans on keeping a supply of available, CLEAN, water on hand? 
  2. What would be the best method for scaling up for family clusters, to villages, to towns, etc? 
  3. Are you going to try any of these methods?

Topic Tuesday #8 2012/09/11 "Tomorrow Land"

Topic Tuesday #8 2012/09/11 "Tomorrow Land"

If you have been reading some my previous Topic Tuesdays, you have probably figured out, I am a bit of a futurist. I try to look at the big picture and see where will be in the years ahead. There are a lot of variables here and no one can pretend to be able to see the future with any certainty. Regardless of those obvious shortcomings, I look to the future. Today's topic is future related as well, but rooted in the present. With a simple query, I pulled up the estimated population of earth. Wolfram Alpha and Apple were kind enough to furnish the graphic.  http://www.worldometers.info/ Has live counters for much of this information aggregated from the sources that keep track. Simply put, we have approximately 7 billion people onboard spaceship Earth. Estimates have that number rising to around 10 billion by 2050. That estimate doesn't take things like medical improvements and social infrastructure proliferation, which will make the number larger. What's the point to all this? What are we supposed to do with that many human beings on the planet? How will we feed them? Where will they live? What will they do to work? How will they entertain themselves?
Now think about this... I just gave you a bunch of numbers and here is the one that matters: 38.
The scenario played out is only 38 years away. This is within most of our lifetimes. It's not Star Trek future; it's 401k retirement future. This is just not that far away... In America, we do not face the over crowding issues of nations like China, India and Japan. That doesn't mean America won't have to in the near future. Scenarios like overcrowding, famine, water shortages always highlight science for me. I saw a recent NASA estimate that terraforming Mars, will take a whopping 480 years and 5 trillion dollars (that's the complete deal, no suit required, go play fetch with fido in the park, time frame). 480 years, call it 500 years, is 400 years too late to handle the issues we will have here, but in doing research towards those ends, we will discover amazing things that we can use here. Imagine, the problems that come with restarting an entire planets biosphere to make it habitable for you and me. I think we might find a few way to clean up this planet  in the process. One day, people may realize, its about all of us, and not just about getting a better rate of return on your 401k. Our legacy, is our future as it is being written now. Will we live in enormous arcologies?
Will we resort to blood sport and de-humanize ourselves to control population? It's only a few decades away. What do you think?

Topic Recap: in 38 years, the population of Earth will rise by 3 billion people to 10 billion+. How will we handle that? And what about the future beyond that? How/where will we live with this many people in the year 2100?